Nicotine, an alkaloid extracted from tobacco plants.
Nicotine use results in rewarding effects on mood, cognition, stress and anxiety, facilitated by release of various neurotransmitters (ie, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, GABA, endorphins).
| rise in the blood | 4–6 hours |
| day | plateau throughout the day |
| night | decline overnight |
| half-life | 2 hours |
| cross the BBB | 8 secs |
Constant nicotine exposure results in high risk of developing dependence symptoms, including tolerance and withdrawal.
consumer product
Little is known about the pharmacological and metabolic effects of R-nicotine in humans.
R-nicotine is a significantly less potent (~10-fold) agonist of nicotine receptors than S-nicotine.
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